8/29/2019

Does democracy stifle economic growth? (民主會窒礙經濟增長嗎 ?)

Yasheng Huang (黃亞生), Does democracy stifle economic growth? (民主會窒礙經濟增長嗎 ?), TEDGlobal 2011, July 2011

當AI變同事

天下雜誌,680 期,2019-08-28


封面故事
波及663萬職場人口的大海嘯
當AI變同事
文—鍾張涵 研究—施逸筠 

Algorithmic Regularization in Over-parameterized Matrix Sensing and Neural Networks with Quadratic Activations

Yuanzhi Li, Tengyu Ma and Hongyang Zhang, Algorithmic Regularization in Over-parameterized Matrix Sensing and Neural Networks with Quadratic Activations, COLT 18, Best Paper Award.
We show that the gradient descent algorithm provides an implicit regularization effect in the learning of over-parameterized matrix factorization models and one-hidden-layer neural networks with quadratic activations.  
Concretely, we show that given ˜O(dr2) random linear measurements of a rank r positive semidefinite matrix X⋆, we can recover X⋆ by parameterizing it by UU⊤ with U ∈ Rd×d and minimizing the squared loss, even if r ≪ d. We prove that starting from a small initialization, gradient descent recovers X⋆ in ˜O(√r) iterations approximately. The results solve the conjecture of Gunasekar et al. [16] under the restricted isometry property. 
The technique can be applied to analyzing neural networks with one-hidden-layer quadratic activations with some technical modifications.

GOLF 學用接軌聯盟

顏和正,科技大老不談生意 打一場沒有輸家、只有贏家的「GOLF」,天下雜誌,680 期,2019-08-27
這不是場慈善球賽,而是友達、緯創資通與仁寶電腦3家科技大廠,在去年共同成立的「學用接軌聯盟」GOLF(Gap of Learning & Field)。這個提供學生線上專業課程先修、線下實習機會的O2O平台,整合了全台21家企業與42所大學,就是為了創造產學接軌、青年培力、擴大企業人才庫的「三贏」。 
「跟打高爾夫球無關,取名是希望凸顯『產學接軌』的概念。企業需求在平台上展現,學校與學生會對企業需求有預先認知,課程設計與未來就業比較容易,」彭双浪指出這場「產學高爾夫」的贏家,就是學校、學生與企業。

8/23/2019

自駕車革命

Hod Lipson and Melba Kurman, Driverless: Intelligent Cars and the Road Ahead, MIT Press, 2016.
 近年來,自動駕駛成為各大車廠、科技巨頭競逐的領域,從半自駕(先進輔助駕駛)到全自駕(完全無人駕駛),應用的科技包括傳感技術、機器人學、機器知覺、機器學習、人工智慧、演算法和智慧型運輸系統等等,原本在學術領域的知識逐漸實用化、商品化。

8/20/2019

Automated Machine Learning: Methods, Systems, Challenges

Frank Hutter, Lars Kotthoff, and Joaquin Vanschoren, Editors, Automated Machine Learning: Methods, Systems, Challenges, The Springer Series on Challenges in Machine Learning, 2019.
This open access book presents the first comprehensive overview of general methods in Automated Machine Learning (AutoML), collects descriptions of existing systems based on these methods, and discusses the first series of international challenges of AutoML systems. The recent success of commercial ML applications and the rapid growth of the field has created a high demand for off-the-shelf ML methods that can be used easily and without expert knowledge. However, many of the recent machine learning successes crucially rely on human experts, who manually select appropriate ML architectures (deep learning architectures or more traditional ML workflows) and their hyperparameters. To overcome this problem, the field of AutoML targets a progressive automation of machine learning, based on principles from optimization and machine learning itself. This book serves as a point of entry into this quickly-developing field for researchers and advanced students alike, as well as providing a reference for practitioners aiming to use AutoML in their work. 

信用小白2招讓銀行給高分

據世界銀行2018年統計,台灣有47.9%的人未使用過信用卡或消費性信用貸款;對於「信用小白」如何培養、提升信用分數,專家建議除透過與銀行建立長期往來關係外,切記不要多次向不同銀行申請信用卡或貸款。 
所謂的「信用小白」指的就是沒有申辦過信用卡或貸款,以致於無法提供銀行任何信用紀錄的人;民營銀行消費金融主管表示,因銀行要放款或是提供優惠利率,都需要預先評估客戶的償債能力,除了穩定的收入來源外,還有提供還款紀錄作為參考。 
「信用小白」該如何培養、提升信用分數,Money101台灣董事總經理周純如於新聞稿中表示,首先,可以透過信用卡與銀行建立持續性的往來關係,當持有信用卡超過3個月,且都有刷卡消費,就會產生信用交易。不過,更重要的是,按時將卡費在期限內全額繳清,就能建立良好的信用軌跡。 
再者,周純如表示,因個人信用評分從200分到800分,影響評分的因素包含繳款行為、信用擴張程度、負債型態風險高低、信用歷史長度以及新業務的申請狀態共5項;若向銀行申請金融商品,卻無法100%確定銀行是否會審核通過以及適用利率,也不要多次向不同金融機構申請信用卡、貸款,反而降低了自己的信用評分。

8/19/2019

Best Subset Selection via a Modern Optimization Lens

Dimitris Bertsimas, Angela King, and Rahul Mazumder, Best Subset Selection via a Modern Optimization Lens, Annals of Statistics, 2016, Vol. 44, No. 2, 813–852.
In the period 1991–2015, algorithmic advances in Mixed Integer Optimization (MIO) coupled with hardware improvements have resulted in an astonishing 450 billion factor speedup in solving MIO problems. We present a MIO approach for solving the classical best subset selection problem of choosing k out of p features in linear regression given n observations. We develop a discrete extension of modern first-order continuous optimization methods to find high quality feasible solutions that we use as warm starts to a MIO solver that finds provably optimal solutions. The resulting algorithm (a) provides a solution with a guarantee on its suboptimality even if we terminate the algorithm early, (b) can accommodate side constraints on the coefficients of the linear regression and (c) extends to finding best subset solutions for the least absolute deviation loss function. Using a wide variety of synthetic and real datasets, we demonstrate that our approach solves problems with n in the 1000s and p in the 100s in minutes to provable optimality, and finds near optimal solutions for n in the 100s and p in the 1000s in minutes. We also establish via numerical experiments that the MIO approach performs better than Lasso and other popularly used sparse learning procedures, in terms of achieving sparse solutions with good predictive power.

8/15/2019

Scale AI 的資料標誌

一般訓練 AI 模型時,需要使用大量標記過的影像來訓練,總量動輒數十萬或百萬張,多半會由多位標誌師依據一套判斷規則分工標記。全部標記完後,再由一個人複查,找出符合標準的影像(Ground Truth 版資料),並用來來訓練 AI 模型。 
Scale AI 才創立三年,Google 子公司、通用汽車都是客戶 
看準這波 AI 模型訓練的需求,年僅 22 歲的 Alexandr Wang 在 2016 年成立一 Scale AI Inc.。致力於優化照片標記的過程。其所建構一套軟體系統,會先對圖像進行潤色、標記,如果無法辨識,再將此交給外包的資料標誌師處理。大幅縮短後續的作業時間。... 

8/11/2019

Visa Is Combatting Fraud at Nearly the Speed of Light

By using artificial intelligence (AI), Visa Inc. helped issuers prevent an estimated $25 billion in annual fraud, the company announced on June 17. The company accomplished this using Visa Advanced Authorization (VAA), a comprehensive risk management tool that monitors transaction authorization on the Visa global network, VisaNet, in real time. 

8/09/2019

針織橫編機的編程設計

談到從接單到生產的流程,蘇瀅歡表示,自己會根據訂單的急迫性,以及編程的複雜度來排程,再開始編程。編程結束後,進入調機、織造樣衣的環節,若樣衣出現瑕疵,就必須修正程式碼或調整織造參數,再重新織造,整個流程可能要重複2、3次,將花費3天到1周,接著寄送給客戶確認,再持續修正直到達成共識。 

8/07/2019

「3D列印」4個突破正徹底瓦解造物規則

積層製造跟傳統製造的差別細節在哪呢?帶你一次了解箇中差異。
1. 多樣化的材料選擇
2. 設計製造快速結合
3. 可以做更精細產品
4. 減少原料浪費

8/06/2019

國家對不起你們:高危險森林護管員月薪25K至33K

森林護管員的工作範圍除了查緝盜伐、跟山老鼠拚鬥,還得背上40公斤重的背包,徒步上山打火,搶救森林火災,每次任務超過5天或10天是家常便飯。工作內容甚至涵蓋育苗造林,任務繁雜,且危險度高。 
然而,衝在第一線保護台灣的山林資產,每個月卻只有2萬5000元到3萬3000元的薪水,「是國家對不起你們,」農委會主委陳吉仲昨日出席「森林護管員論壇」時公開表示,即使今年3月行政院核定通過「山地巡護作業費」,提高每月待遇3000元到7000元,仍與工作危險程度不成正比。並進一步承諾在年底前,要提交更完整的福利制度給行政院。 
「我來林務局真的是出生入死,」從事護管員工作已有14年經驗的屏東林區管理處森林護管員吳國禎,長期查緝林木盜伐,回憶有起一次,遇上持有武器的山老鼠,「對方拿著獵槍開了30幾槍。怎麼辦?」 他說,當時只有抱頭逃竄的份。經歷槍林彈雨的場面,才想起長官交代出勤時要帶上防彈背心,至今仍感到心驚膽顫。
科技可以解決部分問題,可參考無人機在人道主義救濟中的應用。 

8/03/2019

How To Improve Supply Chains With Machine Learning: 10 Proven Ways

Machine learning-based algorithms are the foundation of the next generation of logistics technologies, with the most significant gains being made with advanced resource scheduling systems. 
The wide variation in data sets generated from the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, telematics, intelligent transport systems, and traffic data have the potential to deliver the most value to improving supply chains by using machine learning.  

電梯的預測性維護

王茜穎,電梯界的「關鍵報告」:在故障發生前,先下手為強,若水 Flow,2019/7
他們替電梯裝上感應器,收集即時資料,連上雲端,運用IBM Watson的物聯網平台和預測性維護軟體進行機器學習,比對數據資料庫裡的技術文件和維修記錄,尋找相關性,並從數據趨勢中建立預測模型,以求洞燭先機,預見哪台電梯何時可能故障,並在故障發生前,先下手為強,堪稱電梯界的「關鍵報告」。 
趟數十秒的電梯旅行,通力收集了起迄時間、開/關門時間、停止/加速、里程、溫度、噪音、震動、濕度、氣壓、燈光和用電量等超過200項即時資料。... 

8/02/2019

手機廠自製晶片

美國時間7月25日,英特爾(Intel)宣布將手機基頻晶片部門以10億美元賣給蘋果公司,這是蘋果「自己的手機晶片自己做」策略中,一塊重要拼圖。 
少有人注意的是,今年6月一則消息指出,三星正默默切入手機晶片銷售生意,除了供自家品牌使用,三星並已送樣給中國第二、第三大手機品牌Oppo與Vivo。IDC資深研究經理高鴻翔推估,最晚明年上半年,將看到Vivo推出內建三星晶片的手機。 
三星、蘋果這兩大手機廠,一家的晶片自製比重越來越高;另一家則不只自製晶片,還能外賣。根據半導體產業協會(SIA)統計,以手機為主的通訊應用,去年占了全球半導體總產值的32.4%,為最大宗需求。換句話說,當半導體業的最大客戶減少外購或自己做起晶片生意來,反映出半導體生態圈已產生關鍵新變化。