What Was Thought to Be Exogenous Is Really Endogenous
What Was Thought to Be Complex Is Really Simple
What Was Thought to Be Simple Is Really Complex
What Was Expected to Be a Small Effect Is Really a Large Effect
What Was Thought to Be a Large Effect Is Really a Small Effect
What Was Thought to Be a Large Effect Is Really Much Larger
What Was Thought to Be Easy Is Really Hard
What Was Assumed to Not Be a Problem Is Really a Problem
What Should Improve Performance Really Harms Performance
在 What Was Expected to Be a Small Effect Is Really a Large Effect 中，作者舉了一個不屬於作業管理的例子 (註 3)，研究使用 RFID 標籤 (類似臺灣的 eTag) 快速通過收費站所降低廢氣的影響，有驚人的發現
One could easily assume (as I would) that this effect, if it exists, would be too small to measure, but they find a substantial effect: premature births decreased by 10.8% and low-weight births decreased by 11.8%.
Does what's happening in the world today seem to suggest Marx was right or Smith? (2)
根據老師上課的補充資料，女兒的 (原始) 回答如下
Marx and Smith have two different alternative views of society and government. Marx believes in that society will eventually develop into communism, while Smith believes in a capitalism society. They both are connect on some part of history. Countries such as Russia and China did become communist, but are now receding back to the right. Most countries are moving to the right in history.
Take China as an example. It is today a socialist country. The KMT used to have an industrialized republic country but the workers revolted. Next, this party rise up and ruled China as communism. Up till this point, it fits Marx's view of history. Since then, people have become rich with its own business, so this is actually Smith's view of history. Still, the Chinese government today owns quite a few businesses. China did fit Marx's view of history but have made a turning point to the right and become a socialist country. If China keeps on moving, it will arrive to a capitalist country.
A different example is England, a capitalist country. England first industrialized then became a free market country. In England "greed is good", the market decides the price of goods and who to survive. This is Smith’s view of society which is related to nature selection. In England, the workers never revolted and remains a free market up till today. England's case is naturally similar to a lot of countries such as US, Germany and France. Also a capitalist country has no government involving in it.
Lastly, a communist country is impossible while a total free market is also impossible. Marx view the final stage of communism as no government. This is impossible since people can't live equally with no government at all. Smith's view is also impossible since the government will always be involved. In America, the government bailed out the banks. That is involvement. While in almost all the countries, the government will own few large companies. A total free market and a total communism is impossible, but the world today seems to lean more over to Smith's side.
In conclusion, history have evolved both ways, but every country that has reach Marx's view of communism will eventually recede right to Smith's view. Most countries in the world today are capitalist economy will little government involvement. This is a mix of two but more emphasis of Smith's view. The justified answer is that history lies more to Smith's view compared to Marx since every communist country will eventually fall. The economy in the world today is mostly Smith's view since government usually owns a few businesses only.
(1) 課本 B.J. Armento, etc., Across the Centuries, Houghton Mifflin, 2003, 558 pages.
Data: The prerequisite for everthing analytical Enterprise: Integrting across organizational silos Leadership: The deciding DELTA factor Targets: Picking your spots for analytics Analysis: Managing Scarce and valuable talent
Embed analytics in business processes Build an analytical culture Review your business comprehensively Meeting challenges along the way Toward more analytical decisions and better results
達成的關鍵？
The key challenges are no longer technological or analytical; they have more to do with simply making managers familiar with the concepts and the process. (2)
