管理真的有用？

三個最佳實踐 (best practices) 和精實製造 (lean manufacturing) 

作者經過十幾年的研究 (1)，針對製造業、零售業、醫院、和學校，根據三大最佳的管理實踐 (targets, incentives, monitoring)，給與 1 到 5 分的評價，詳細的問題參見此網頁。發現

A one-point increment on a five-point management score correlated with better performance at manufacturers around the globe. 
1 point increment on a management score was associated with 
+23% productivity
+14% market capitalization
+1.4% percentage points annual sales growth

A one-point improvement in the management score is associated with about a 10% jump in student test performance. Similarly, at hospitals, a one-point management-score increase is associated with a 0.5% lower 30-day mortality rate for heart attack victims who are admitted to emergency rooms.

作者也在印度的 28 個工廠中，實驗和比較使用精實製造的差距 (影片)，發現

On average, firms that received the management intervention cut defects by half, reduced inventory by 20%, and raised output by 10%.

(1) Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen, Does Management Really Work?, November 2012, Harvard Business Review. 中文的翻譯